Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav auxiliaries, textile softeners 'chemical muaj pes tsawg leeg txiav txim siab lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo, thiab siv tau.Los ntawm molecular tsim rau kev siv tswv yim, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm softeners tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntaub tes, tab sis kuj muaj feem xyuam rau kev sib raug zoo, ntxuav tsis kam, thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Kev nkag siab tob txog lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg pab ua tiav qhov sib txuam thiab kev ua tau zoo hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev xaiv cov txheej txheem.
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm softeners yog surfactants, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cationic, anionic, nonionic, thiab amphoteric hom raws li lawv cov khoom ionic. Cationic softeners feem ntau ntev -chain alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, xws li hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride thiab dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride. Cov nqi zoo hauv lawv cov molecules tuaj yeem tsim electrostatic adsorption nrog cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm cov fiber ntau, thiab lawv tau taw qhia los ua cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov tau yooj yim ntawm cov fiber ntau, txo cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm fibers thiab muab cov ntaub mos thiab du tes. Hom qauv no kuj muaj qee yam antistatic thiab antibacterial thaj chaw, tab sis nws yog rhiab heev rau anionic auxiliaries thiab yog nquag rau nag lossis daus.
Anionic softeners feem ntau suav nrog sulfonates, sulfates, thiab phosphates. Lawv cov qauv molecular nqa cov nqi tsis zoo, thiab lawv tus cwj pwm adsorption cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm cov nqi fiber ntau thiab dej hardness. Lawv feem ntau siv ua ke nrog anionic dye systems kom txo qis kev tsiv teb tsaws tsis sib xws los ntawm tus nqi repulsion hauv kev ua tiav ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers. Noionic softeners, sawv cev los ntawm fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ethers, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, thiab hloov silicones, tsis muaj ionizing pawg, muaj tshuaj stability siab, thiab zoo compatibility nrog ntau yam auxiliaries. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev them nqi - cov protein ntau cov fibers (xws li ntaub plaub thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav) thiab ntau - cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Lawv tsuas yog adsorb rau ntawm fiber ntau los ntawm hydrogen bonds thiab van der Waals rog, txhim kho wettability thiab softening yam tsis hloov cov fiber ntau cov khoom hluav taws xob.
Amphoteric softeners muaj ob qho tib si zoo thiab tsis zoo cov chaw them nqi, xws li betaines thiab amino acid surfactants. Lawv daim ntawv adsorption tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov sib txawv pH, txhim kho lawv cov kev hloov pauv mus rau ntau cov fibers thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov dej tawv, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nag lossis daus.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov pob txha surfactant, softeners feem ntau sib xyaw nrog ntau yam khoom siv pabcuam. Thickeners, xws li polymers lossis inorganic colloids, yog siv los kho cov viscosity ntawm cov dej ua haujlwm, kom ntseeg tau tias daim ntawv thov tsis sib xws; preservatives tiv thaiv microbial kev loj hlob uas yuav ua rau emulsion deterioration; antioxidants ncua kev degradation ntawm lub ntsiab Cheebtsam thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab siab -kub ua; fragrances impart ib tug qab ntxiag tsw rau fabrics; thiab qee qhov kev ua tau zoo - cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov khoom siv silicone lossis nanoparticles txhawm rau txhim kho smoothness, elasticity rov qab, thiab ntxuav.
Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tau txais kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Ib txwm ntev - saw alkyl quaternary ammonium ntsev, vim lawv cov biodegradability tsis zoo, yog maj mam hloov los ntawm cov kab, ceg, lossis ester- hloov cov cationic agents; nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nonionic, cov nroj tsuag tauj dua tshiab - muab tau cawv polyoxyethylene ethers yog maj mam hloov alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers; thiab silicones yog trending rau qis-cyclic, siab-polymerization qauv kom txo tau volatility thiab toxicity.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm textile softeners yog ib tug complex system uas muaj surfactants thiab ntau yam functional auxiliaries. Cov qauv molecular, tus yam ntxwv them nqi, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txhua yam txiav txim siab nws tus cwj pwm adsorption, tes xav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig. Kev txheeb xyuas kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim qauv tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qib siab - zoo softening tiav thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov.
