Kev ua haujlwm ntawm textile functional agents stems los ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab controllable synthesis ntawm lawv cov qauv molecular. Cov txheej txheem synthesis tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev faib tawm ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, thiab microstructure ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog fibers, durability, thiab stability thaum lub sij hawm ua. Nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nkag siab ntawm cov tswv yim tsim ntsuab ntsuab, cov txheej txheem hluavtaws rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntau yam - kauj ruam txuas, tswj cov polymerization, thiab cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig.
Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm reactive, ib lub tswv yim zoo yog los qhia cov pab pawg nquag uas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog fiber ntau pab pawg kom ua tiav covalent bonding nrog cov substrate. Piv txwv li, silane coupling agents, uas muab waterproofing, UV tiv thaiv, los yog txhim khu kev adhesion, feem ntau siv chlorosilanes los yog alkoxysilane li pib cov ntaub ntawv, undergoing hydrolysis thiab condensation kom tau silane oligomers los yog monomers uas muaj tej pab pawg (xws li amino, epoxy, thiab mercapto pawg). Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas nruj ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej, pH tus nqi, thiab qhov kub thiab txias kom tsis txhob hla dhau - txuas lossis tsis sib xws hydrolysis. Isocyanate-raws li nplaim taws retardants los yog crosslinking functional agents yog npaj los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm diisocyanates nrog polyols los yog amines. Cov isocyanate- txiav cov qauv ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim urea lossis urethane bonds nrog cellulose hydroxyl los yog amino pawg thaum lub sij hawm tom qab ci, imparting durability.
Rau txheej los yog adsorption functional agents, lub tsom xam ntawm synthesis feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm functional microparticles los yog zaj duab xis -forming polymers. Noj nano-UV stabilizers ua piv txwv, titanium dioxide thiab zinc oxide nanoparticles tuaj yeem npaj tau los ntawm sol-gel lossis hydrothermal synthesis, nrog rau kev hloov kho saum npoo (xws li silane txheej lossis polymer grafting) thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem synthesis los txhim kho lawv cov kev ruaj ntseg dispersion thiab adhesion rau lub substrate. Lub microencapsulation synthesis ntawm theem hloov thermoregulating functional agents feem ntau siv interfacial polymerization los yog nyob rau hauv -situ polymerization: theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv (paraffin, fatty acid esters, thiab lwm yam) yog siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, tsim me me droplets nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous theem nyob rau hauv emulsified tej yam kev mob, thiab ces ib tug polymer plhaub yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov roj los ntawm monomer{7}. microcapsule khoom nrog thermal stability thiab washability.
Lub synthesis ntawm organofluorine dej thiab roj repellent feem ntau pib nrog perfluoroalkyl iodides los yog perfluoroolefins ua cov khoom pib. Perfluoroalkyl ntu ntawm cov saw ntev tshwj xeeb yog qhia los ntawm electrolytic fluorination lossis telomerization, ua raws li copolymerization nrog acrylate lossis ethylene oxide hydrophilic / lipophilic block monomers los tsim amphiphilic block copolymers. Txoj kev no tso cai rau kev tswj hwm ntawm hydrophilic-lipophilic tshuav nyiaj li cas (HLB) ntawm qhov ntsuas molecular, yog li ua kom lub zog txo qis thiab huab cua tsis kam. Txhawm rau txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv, luv - saw lossis fluorine- cov txheej txheem pub dawb tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Lawv cov synthesis feem ntau siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm biodegradable silicon-muaj lossis polyester hydrophilic ntu nrog cov hlua hluav taws xob qis qis, ntsuas kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ecological.
Thaum lub sij hawm synthesis txheej txheem, kev xaiv catalyst, hnyav system, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cuam tshuam rau cov khoom qauv thiab cov khoom. Ntsuab chemistry cov ntsiab lus yog tsav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem hluavtaws rau cov kuab tshuaj-dawb, aqueous systems, qis- qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, enzyme-catalyzed esterification lossis transamidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv los npaj bio-raws li tshuaj tua kab mob los yog hydrophilic functional agents; microwave- pab synthesis tuaj yeem txo lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txo kev siv zog; thiab nruam ntws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv technology txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab batch sib xws.
Purification thiab characterization yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation, kem chromatography, lim ntshav, lossis ultrafiltration kom tshem tawm cov monomers thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo; Cov qauv kev pom zoo tso siab rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas xws li infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, huab hwm coj spectrometry, thiab gel permeation chromatography; particle loj thiab morphology tuaj yeem soj ntsuam los ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas electron microscopy thiab dynamic light scattering.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov txheej txheem synthesis rau textile functional agents encompass ntau ntau txoj kev, nrog rau kev tsim thiab coupling ntawm active monomers, tswj kev tsim kho ntawm nanoparticles thiab microcapsules, thaiv copolymerization, thiab deg kev hloov kho. Los ntawm optimizing cov tswv yim hluavtaws thiab qhia cov txheej txheem ntsuab, nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thaum ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv textiles.
