Hauv kev lag luam textile saw, pretreatment, ua thawj kauj ruam hauv dyeing thiab xov, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.Textile pretreatment agents, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshem tawm fiber ntau impurities thiab kho cov khoom nto, nteg lub hauv paus rau dyeing, luam ntawv, thiab ua haujlwm tiav. Lawv daim ntawv thov muaj peev xwm npog ntuj fibers, tshuaj fibers, thiab lawv cov blends, spanning tag nrho cov txheej txheem los ntawm fiber mus rau ntaub.
Rau natural fibers, pretreatment agents feem ntau hais txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm impurities nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm kev ua. Paj rwb fibers muaj waxes, pectin, thiab pigments, yuav tsum tau scouring agents mus zom cov hydrophobic txheej thiab emulsify impurities, txhim kho hygroscopicity thiab whiteness. Linen fibers, vim yog lawv cov ntsiab lus siab lignin, yog qhov ua rau tawv nqaij thiab khaus, yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov enzymes lom neeg thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm chelating kom muag cov fibers. Wool's scaly qauv yooj yim ua rau felting shrinkage; anti- cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob wrinkle tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov qhib thiab kaw ntawm cov nplai, ntsuas qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tuav tes. Silk degumming vam khom me ntsis surfactants kom tshem tawm sericin thaum tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm silk fibroin.
Thaum cov tshuaj fibers muaj tsawg impurities, lawv qhov chaw inertness txwv tsis pub ua tom ntej. Cov hluavtaws fibers xws li polyester, vim lawv qhov polarity tsawg thiab crystallinity siab, yuav tsum tau alkali -txo cov neeg ua haujlwm kom o ntawm cov fiber ntau, ua rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb los txhim kho dye uptake. Nylon's amino pawg tau yooj yim ua rau tsis sib xws dyeing, xav tau pH ntsuas nrog cov kua qaub / alkali adjusters kom ruaj khov ntawm fiber ntau lub xeev. Acrylic fibers, tsis muaj hydrophilicity, yuav tsum tau cationic modifiers los qhia pawg polar, txhim kho ntub dej thiab xim - kho cov teebmeem. Blended fabrics, vim lawv cov fiber ntau heterogeneity, yuav tsum tau pretreatment agents nrog multi-component synergistic zog-piv txwv li, paj rwb/polyester blends yuav tsum tau ob qho tib si paj rwb scouring thiab polyester alkali txo kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib hom fiber ntau vim kev kho ib leeg.
Tshaj li cov fibers ib txwm siv, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua ntej tau txuas ntxiv mus rau kev lag luam textiles. Cov ntaub ntawv lim xav tau cov tshuaj hydrophilic los txhim kho qhov pore permeability; antibacterial pretreatment ntawm kev kho mob textiles yuav tsum tau khaws cia biocompatibility thaum sterilizing; thiab kev kho dej tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov yuav tsum tau tsim cov dej thawj zaug - cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tom qab desizing los muab cov txheej txheem sib xws rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej.
Nrog rau qhov tob ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ntsuab, cov neeg ua haujlwm ua ntej yog iterating rau qis zog noj thiab qis emissions: qis- cov kab mob kub hnyiab txo cov pa noj, phosphorus- cov neeg ua hauj lwm pub dawb txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm eutrophication hauv dej, thiab bio-raws li surfactants hloov roj av{3}raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv. Kev nthuav dav ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov tsis tsuas yog txhim kho tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm textile processing tab sis kuj dhau los ua ib qho kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau kev tsav tsheb kev lag luam mus rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm fiber ntau ntau yam thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev yoog raws thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua ntej yuav txuas ntxiv mus, txhaj cov zog tshiab rau hauv siab - kev loj hlob zoo ntawm kev lag luam textile.
